Overview
Capital: Sofia
Official EU language(s): Bulgarian
EU member country: since 1 January 2007
Currency: Bulgarian lev BGN. Bulgaria has committed to adopting the euro once it fulfills the necessary conditions.
Schengen: Bulgaria is presently in the process of joining the Schengen area.
Figures: Geographical size – population – gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in PPS
Political system
Bulgaria operates as a parliamentary republic, where the prime minister, as head of government, holds the most powerful executive position. The president, serving as the head of state, primarily possesses representative powers along with limited veto powers. Bulgaria functions as a unitary state with a centralized structure, comprising 27 provinces and a metropolitan capital province (Sofia-Grad). Regional governors are appointed by the government.
Trade and economy
In 2020, Bulgaria’s economy centered on key sectors including wholesale and retail trade, transport, accommodation, and food services (21.4%), industry (20.4%), and public administration, defense, education, human health, and social work activities (16.7%).
Internally, 66% of Bulgaria’s exports are traded within the EU, with Germany (16%), Romania (9%), and Italy (7%) being the primary destinations, while outside the EU, 6% of exports are directed to Turkey and 3% to China.
Regarding imports, 61% originate from EU Member States, mainly Germany (12%), Italy and Romania (7%), while outside the EU, 7% are sourced from Turkey and 6% from Russia.
Bulgaria in the EU
European Parliament
Bulgaria is represented by 17 members in the European Parliament.
European Parliament office in Bulgaria
Council of the EU
Bulgarian government representatives participate in the Council of the EU to adopt EU laws and coordinate policies, depending on the addressed policy area.
Presidency of the Council of the EU
The rotating Presidency of the Council of the EU was held by Bulgaria from January to June 2018.
European Commission
Iliana Ivanova, responsible for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education, and Youth, serves as Bulgaria’s nominated Commissioner to the European Commission. The Commission maintains a representation in Bulgaria.
European Economic & Social Committee
Bulgaria has 12 representatives on the European Economic and Social Committee, offering consultation on proposed laws affecting work and social situations.
European Committee of the Regions
Bulgaria is represented by 12 delegates on the European Committee of the Regions, ensuring regional perspectives are considered in proposed laws.
Permanent representation to the EU
Bulgaria communicates with EU institutions through its permanent representatives based in Brussels, ensuring effective pursuit of the country’s interests and policies in the EU.
Budgets and Funding
Bulgaria contributes to the EU budget fairly, based on its means, to support programs and projects across all EU countries.
